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Isitayela Sokuvula: Akuyi Noma Kusukela Kwesikonjolo
Uma ungena kunoma isiphi isakhiwo esiphakathi nendawo noma esikhulu sokulungisa izinkukhu, isigaba sokopha sikhuluma ngokuziphatha okuphelele kwaleso sakhiwo. Ezinye izitshalo zisebenza emigqeni eqinile, ehlanzekile lapho izidumbu zihamba khona ngaphandle kokudideka futhi zinikeza isivuno esiphezulu. Abanye banegazi eliqoqeka phansi, abasebenzi abageza phakathi kwamaketanga, futhi izinga lomkhiqizo wokugcina liyehla ngokuphawulekayo. Umehluko uvame ukubangelwa ucezu olulodwa lwemishini: umhubhe wokopha.
Umhubhe wokopha awuyona nje imoto yokuhambisa izinyoni esuka endaweni yokubulala iye endaweni yokushisa. Kuyisimo esilawulwayo lapho amandla adonsela phansi, isikhathi, kanye ne-geometry yomhubhe kusebenza ndawonye ukwenza into eyodwa kahle - ukukhipha igazi esidunjini ngokuphelele nangokuhlanzeka ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho umhubhe wakhiwa unezinto ezihlanganisiwe zokuqoqa igazi, ukuphumelela kubonakala yonke indawo: ikhwalithi engcono yenyama, izindleko zokuhlanza eziphansi, nokulahlwa okuncane esiteshini sokuhlola.
Okwenzeka Ngempela Emgodini Wokopha
Izindlela zokuziphatha kwezinto ziyisodwa kodwa azikwazi ukubuyeza. Emva kokuthi isitha sobuqwe sibhekwe, inyoni kufuneka ibalekile ngaphambi kokufika ekuskalderini. Amaphenyo esayensi yendustria ishowna ukuthi ngokwegcino 45 percent yezigidi zempilo yombila—ngokwegcino 3 percent yomkhondo wakhe wokuphela—sibaleka ngemuva kokubalekisa. Isikhathi esisidingekile siyisikhathi sesibili sokuphela 90 sekondi, apho 73–77 percent yezigidi zombila zibaleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphela ngokwegcino 8–9 percent yezigidi zombila zobaleka emuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sesibili sokuphela 90 sekondi.
Okoku kusho ukuthi ubude bekholwa nokuvulula kwesikhala kufanele kubizwa ngokuphelele ngenxa yokukhula kwesikhala. Isikhala esincane kakhulu sibuyisa izilwane ekuscalderini kabefore kuzobhala ngokuphelele. Isangu esingaphansi kwezilwane sibhala emsithweni wokuscalder, sivumela ukuthi isangu sibhale isikhala sokuscalder, okusenza ukuthi kubhekwe ngokusha kakhulu futhi kubuyekeza umbala wendawo yekhanda nokuphila kwezilwane. Isikhala eside kakhulu, ngakho-ke, sibhala indawo yokuqondisa futhi singasiza izilwane ukuba sibhale kabefore kuzobhala ekuscalderini, okusindisela isikhala sokubhala ngokuphelele.
Ukuthi Ukugxila Kwesikhala Kusenza Ubunzima Buka Nini
Isikhala sokubhala esigxile kakhulu senza izinto ezintathu ezingasenzi ngokuphelele ngokusebenza kwesikhala sokuvulula:
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Ukubhala kwezilwane kusungulwe – Isandla sesikhala sifaniswa kuvala emsebenzini wokubhala, okusungula isangu ngokuphelele emsebenzini wokubhala ngakho-ke akusizi isangu kusuka kusandla sesikhala. Lokhu akuyi into encane yokuhlanganisa; kususa umsebenzi wokuchaza indawo yokubhala ngokuphelele ngokuphakeme kanye nokususa isangu kusuka kusandla sesikhala kusukela kusandla sesikhala sokubhala.
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Isiphambano sokulwa kwezinyathelo – Amadube aqondwa ngokuphelele kwenye isiphambano esikwenzela ukuthi ublood abe lapho ekhaya kwezinyathelo, kodwa akasembele ku-izinyathelo. Isiphambano esisodwa ngama-15 ku-20 degrees sikhona kubizwa ngokuthi sibonakalise kwezinyathelo ezinamandla, kodwa isiphambano esihle sivame ukuguquka ngokwesayizi yamadube nendidi yabo.
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Ubunzima bokulawula isikhathi – Izinkampani zokugcina izinyathelo zokugcina eziphambili ziyakhiwa ngokuthi abasebenzi bakhetha isikhathi esifanayo sokuhlala kwezinyathelo zabo. Uma umgqa uyasebenza ngamadube ama-6,000 ngamahora, ispeed yezinyathelo zokugcina iyagcina isikhathi sesikhathi sesi-90 sekholi. Uma sishintsha kuma-4,000 amadube ngamahora kusukela kwezinyathelo ezinamandla, ispeed iyashintsha ngokufanayo.
Umsebenzisi wokuphatha amasipho emhlabeni emnyenyane wabona izinkinga zokuphatha kakhulu ngekhasi lokuvula okusekhiwe ngeminyaka engu-20. Amaphuzu amadala ekhanda lomkhosi, ukungafanana kwesikhathi sokugcina, nokukhanya kwe-bacteria ngendawo yokugcina kubonakalwe njengokuvula okungakwazi ukwenza kahle. Ngokufaka isisindo esihlanganisiwe sokuvula nesifunda sokugcina esiphambili nokuthambo lokuguqula isikhathi, umsebenzisi wabona ukuthuthukiswa kwesibonelo sesipho ngeminyaka yokuqala. Umphathi wezomsebenzi wabona ukuthi indoda enkulu ayikho kuphela ukuthi umkhosi uhlakaniphe kakhulu—kodwa ukuthi abasebenzi bokuvula abasindisiwe ukuthi bangcine isitayela sokuzwa ukuthi abasindisiwe ukuthi bangcine isitayela sokuzwa.
Amanani Okufanele
Lokhu ke amanani xa kuchazwa isithunywa sokuvula esingaphansi nesithunywa sokuvula esihlanganisiwe. Leli qembu likhethwe ku-ndawo zokuzwa ezingaphezu kwezinye izindawo ezisebenzisa ama-birds angu-4,000 ku-8,000 ngamuhla.
| Inqanawa yemiphumela | Isithunywa Sokuvula Esingaphansi | Isithunywa Sokuvula Esihlanganisiwe |
|---|---|---|
| Ivolumu yebhlood ethulwa (njenge-% yomthandazo wokuphatha) | 2.1–2.5% | 2.8–3.1% |
| Isivinini sokudlula kwesipho | 4–7% | 1–2% |
| Isikhathi sokuhlanza indawo yokuphuma kwezilwane (amahora ngegama lokusebenza ngeminyaka) | 2.5–3.0 | 1.0–1.5 |
| Ukubhalwa kwesitha emasini yokuphuma kwezilwane | Ngokusheshisayo | Ngokushesha kakhulu |
Ukuchaphazela okukodwa—okungukho okungu-0.5 ku-0.7 percent yomkhondo wokuphuma kwezilwane—kuyabonakala njengomthombo wokuthenga lapho kusetyenziswa kuzilwane eziningi kanye neziningi ngeminyaka.
Lapho izinkinga zibegina
Akukho isithili esikhulu esingatholakala, futhi izinkinga zokugcina izilwane ziyinkokhelo ezingaqondi. Isize swebhu samasiphephu. Isithili esihlelwe ukusebenza ngamasiphephu amaningi angu-2.5 kg ayisikhiyela ngokujulile ngamasiphephu angu-4 kg. Isikhombisa sokuphuma kwezilwane nokholwa kwayo kuyasebenza kakhulu—akukho isithili esikhulu esingasindisa ukuphuma okungafanele. Uma izivine ezinconywa nezivine zokuphuma kwezilwane akuzange kufanele kuvuleka, ngaphandle kokuthi isithili esikhulu sifanele.
Kunezinkinga zokufakwa kwezindawo. Ukubuyisela isibonelo esihlanganisiweyo esihlukanisiweyo kwezindawo ezisebenzayo kumele kubuyekezwe isistimu sokuthiwa phansi kwesikhathi, okungaba yizinsuku eziningi zokungasebenzi. Kwezindawo eziphatha izinto ngokuphatha, ukulandela kuyisisekelo. Kwezindawo ezihlukene, ukubala i-ROI kumele kubekwe kule bali ubukhathalela ukuthi ukufaka kuyabeka isikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Isiphetho Esifanayo Ngokuthiwa Kwemithi
Isibonelo esihlanganisiweyo sokuthiwa kwemithi suncisa ukuthiwa kwemithi ngokwesibono ngokwenza indawo eyisibono esihlanganisiweyo apho isikhathi ne-gravity sibonana. Izindlela zokuthiwa kwemithi azikho zokuzwa kuphela—kubonakala njengokuthiwa kwezinkumbulo, ukudlula kwezinsuku zokusebenza, ukuncipha imali yokuchitha, nokuncipha izinkinga zezindawo zokuthiwa kwemithi. Kodwa isibonelo siyisibono esingaphila ngokwesibono esikhundleni. Ukuthiwa kwemithi okuhle, ukuthiwa kwemithi okuhle kwezinyawo, nokuthiwa kwemithi okuhle kwezindawo zokuthiwa kwemithi kuyizinto ezingafadwa.
Kubakho izindlela zokusebenza ezizokuphucuka noma zokwakha kabanzi, ukwahlukana akukho ukwahluka kungani kufanele kube na-bleeding tunnel—kuyinto yokwahluka kungani kufanele kube na-bleeding tunnel ezenziwe ngamaphuzu okugcina amasimu noma kuzokwenzeka kubona isistimu esiphakeme esingasho amasimu okugcina amasimu, okusho ukuthi kusakhiwe imali emhlabeni, ngokwesibonelo futhi ngokwesibonelo. Izinkampani njengaseShandong Chengming Shun Smart Equipment Co., Ltd. zisisebenzisa lezi zisistimu ngamakhwalithi okusebenza kumzimba wokudla nokuzenza ngokuphepha okuhambisana nezidingo zezilayini zokusebenza kabanzi, zanikwa izinkimbinkimbi ezifana nezilayini ezincane ezisemthwakathwakini kanye nezilayini zokusebenza kabanzi ezinamakhulu.